Artykuł
Najczęstsze urazy ortopedyczne: postępowanie w POZ
17.02.2025
Abstract
The management of acute pain in an emergency situation
Pain is a subjective experience and depends on a variety of biological, psychological and social factors. It is the most common reason for patients to seek help at the emergency department, and it is becoming a public health problem that has a negative impact on the healthcare system. Emergency physicians should be aware of the numerous opioid and non-opioid alternatives available for the management of pain. To determine pain intensity, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is used, which provides scores between 0 (no pain) up to 10 (worst imaginable pain). The assessment score determines the priority group to which the patient is classified.
Multimodality pain therapies based on the use of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or metamizole have been demonstrated to have opioid-sparing effects. Tramadol and opioid analgesics are used as second-line agents. It is imperative to find balance between achieving adequate pain control and minimizing the use of opioid medications.
For patients, it is important to understand that a pain score of 0 in the initial postoperative or post-trauma period is unrealistic and that the goal of pain management is to sufficiently control pain so that they can comfortably and adequately participate in rehabilitation activities. It is crucial to recognize that there are different types of pain and various pathways through which they are mediated and that not all of them may respond to or require opioid analgesics.
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