Abstract
Trichotillomania in children and adolescents
Trichotillomania (TTM) or hair pulling disorder is typically a pediatric-onset condition characterized by repetitive and compulsive pulling of hair from various parts of the body. Hair is most often pulled from the scalp, but eyelashes and eyebrows are also frequent targets.
TTM is often associated with social isolation, emotional impairment and psychiatric comorbidity, and it is frequently observed to co-exist with generalized anxiety disorder, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
The etiology of TTM is complex and includes genetic, psychological and social factors. TTM can be triggered by psychosocial stressors within the family, problems with peer relationships or school performance.
The diagnosis as well as effective treatment of TTM may be a challenging task that requires an interdisciplinary approach with the support of dermatologist, pediatrician, psychiatrist and psychologist.
Keywords: trichotillomania, hair pulling disorder, children, adolescents.
Piśmiennictwo
1. Gawłowska-Sawosz M. Trichotillomania i trichofagia – rozpoznawanie, leczenie, zapobieganie. Próba ustanowienia standardów leczenia w Polsce. Psychiatr Pol 2016;50(1):127-43
2. Bruce TO, Barwick LW, Wright HH. Diagnosis and management of trichotillomania in children and adolescents. Pediatr Drugs 2005;7(6):365-76
3. Klasyfikacja zaburzeń psychicznych i zaburzeń zachowania w ICD-10. Badawcze kryteria diagnostyczne. Uniwersyteckie Wydawnictwo Medyczne „Vesalius”, Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, Kraków, Warszawa 1998
4. Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria From DSM-5. APA 2013
5. Johnson J, El-Alfy AT. Review of available studies of the neurobiology and pharmacotherapeutic management of trichotillomania. J Adv Res 2016;7(2):169-84
6. Harrison JP, Franklin ME. Pediatric Trichotillomania. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2012;14:188-96
7. Marcelli D. Psychopatologia wieku dziecięcego. Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2009
8. Rozen M, Peris TS, Gonzalez A, Piacentini J. Clinical characteristics of pediatric trichotillomania: comparisons with obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016;47:124-32
9. Grzesiak M, Reich A, Szepietowski JC et al. Trichotillomania among young adults: prevalence and comorbidity. Acta Derm Venereol 2017;97:509-12
10. Flessner CA, Knopik VS, McGeary J. Hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania): genes, neurobiology, and a model for understanding impulsivity and compulsivity. Psychiatry Res 2012;199:151-8
11. Duke DC, Keeley ML, Geffken GR, Storch EA. Trichotillomania: a current review. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:181-93
12. Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Kim SW. N-acetylocysteine, a glutamate modulator, in the treatment of trichotillomania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiat 2009;66:756-63