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Podsumowanie
Zaćma dziecięca zaburza rozwój prawidłowego widzenia obuocznego, które kształtuje się w pierwszych miesiącach życia. Ważne są wczesne rozpoznanie zaćmy i podjęcie leczenia. Dalsze działania koncentrują się na skorygowaniu powstałej w oku bezsoczewkowym wady wzroku i wieloletniej systematycznej rehabilitacji wzrokowej. Rozwój mikrochirurgii okulistycznej, a także technologii i biokompatybilności soczewek wewnątrzgałkowych stwarza coraz większe możliwości implantacji IOL w populacji pediatrycznej. Mimo jej rosnącej częstości dobór wszczepu stanowi wyzwanie ze względu na trudną współpracę z pacjentem, nieoczekiwane wady refrakcji spowodowane niedokładnościami w technice biometrycznej, stosowanie wzorów mocy IOL opartych na normatywnych wartościach dla dorosłych oraz późne zmiany refrakcji wynikające z nieprzewidywalnego wzrostu oka.
Wyniki obserwacji dzieci poddanych operacji są dowodem na bezpieczeństwo i skuteczność implantologii dziecięcej, która stwarza warunki do poprawy widzenia i pozwala uzyskać sprawne funkcjonowanie.
Abstract
The practical challenges of calculating the power of intraocular lenses in children
Pediatric cataract refers to opacification of the lens, which causes the lens to loose its original properties. An early surgical intervention followed by immediate optical correction of the eye together with ocular rehabilitation should provide the best conditions for obtaining single binocular vision with foveal fixation. The optimum time to perform surgery is during the first eight weeks of the child’s life, by the end of the fourth month at the latest. The continuous process of innovation and improvements in intraocular lens technology, including changes in lens design and materials, together with the development of modern ophthalmic microsurgery, provides the opportunity for safe implantation and improved vision. Despite the increasing incidence of artificial lens implantation in children, the selection of lenses remains a challenge due to the elongation of the anatomical axis of the eyeball. Another challenge is the lack of a specific biometric formula oriented toward the pediatric population and the use of lens power formulas based on normative values for adults.
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