ABSTRACT
Classification and treatment of chronic nodular prurigo
Chronic nodular prurigo (CNPG), also known as prurigo nodularis, is the most frequent clinical subtype within the spectrum of chronic prurigo (CPG): a distinct, neuroinflammatory dermatosis characterized by intense chronic pruritus and pruriginous skin lesions induced by persistent scratching. CNPG is associated with a significant physical and psychological burden, including severe sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and a substantially reduced quality of life.
The pathogenesis of CNPG involves complex interactions between the immune and nervous systems, including type 2 inflammation (interleukins IL-4, IL-13, IL-31), neuronal hypersensitivity, and epidermal remodeling. The diagnostic criteria are based primarily on clinical features: chronic itching lasting more than 6 weeks, repeated scratching behavior, and characteristic skin lesions such as nodules, plaques, or umbilicated papules.
Based on the recent consensus, a total of five clinical phenotypes of CPG have been defined, with nodular prurigo being the most severe type. Assessment tools, such as the Prurigo Activity and Severity Score (PAS) and the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA-CPG), are used to determine disease severity and monitor treatment response.
Therapeutic strategies follow a stepwise approach, ranging from topical corticosteroids and phototherapy to systemic agents, including gabapentinoids and immunosuppressants. Dupilumab is currently the only approved systemic biological treatment for moderate-to-severe CNPG. Other targeted therapies under investigation include nemolizumab, vixarelimab, and Janus kinase inhibitors.
This paper reviews the current concepts in the classification, pathophysiology, and evidence-based management of chronic nodular prurigo, with an emphasis on their clinical relevance and practical implications for dermatological care.
Piśmiennictwo
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