ABSTRACT
Pediatric asthma and current recommendations – what should be kept in mind?
Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough. The occurrence and severity of these symptoms depends on variable limitation of the expiratory flow, which may become permanent over time.
According to WHO data, about 260 million people suffer from asthma worldwide, including over 2 million in Poland. In children, it is the most common, chronic respiratory disease causing absence from school, visits to hospital emergency departments and hospitalizations, affecting 11% of children in Poland. The first symptoms of asthma in most children are already present under 5 years of age.
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) is an organization established in 1993 by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. In May 2022, the GINA expert group published the latest asthma management guidelines.
Diagnostic criteria and treatment in children depend on the age of the child. A conventional division classifies children into 3 age groups: those aged 5 years and younger, those between 6 and 11 years of age and those over 12 years of age. The principles of asthma treatment in this last age group are identical with the principles of adult treatment.
This article places an emphasis on presenting the current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children, taking into account the division into age groups.
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