ABSTRACT
Constrictive pericarditis
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a rare but a serious complication of subacute/chronic pericarditis. It is characterized by loss of pericardial elasticity, which leads to the impairment of diastolic filling of the heart. Any type of inflammation in the pericardium can lead to CP.
The risk of developing CP depends on the etiology of pericarditis. It is highest in the course of bacterial, purulent pericarditis and much lower in the case of pericardial effusion due to neoplastic or autoimmune causes. Symptoms of CP are nonspecific and can appear at a distant time point after an episode of acute pericarditis. Patients complain of fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain and oedema of the legs. Characteristics of right ventricular failure are assessed during physical examination. At an advanced stage, myocardial fibrosis also develops and adds symptoms of left ventricular failure. The basic diagnostic tool is echocardiography which usually demonstrates pericardial thickening, restrictive mitral inflow and dilated inferior vena cava with no respiratory mobility. CT and MRI allow proper determination of pericardial thickness. CT scan can reveal calcification while MR enables a dynamic assessment of both systolic and diastolic function. The basic treatment is pericardiectomy, i.e. the removal of the affected portion or all of the pericardium. Unfortunately, it is associated with a very high perioperative mortality rate of 5-20%.
Piśmiennictwo
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