Abstract
A practical approach to an overall geriatric evaluation in the outpatient setting
The aging of the population presents a significant challenge to the primary healthcare system, particularly with regard to delivering comprehensive care to elderly patients. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) represents a fundamental tool in the evaluation and management of older adults; however, its full implementation is frequently impracticable within the constraints of a standard 15- to 20-minute GP appointment. The objective of this study is to propose a practical model for the use of the essential CGA components in a GP office. The proposed adaptation prioritizes the core domains critical to geriatric assessment: cognitive function and mood, mobility and functional independence, somatic health (including orthostatic hypotension, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty syndrome), and socio-environmental factors. Selected screening tools are recommended for each domain, which are validated, time-efficient, easy to administer and easy to interpret. These include the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Barthel Index, the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form (MNA-SF), and the SARC-F questionnaire. It is suggested that the assessment should be divided across two appointments to optimize feasibility and accuracy. This model promotes a holistic overview of the geriatric patient’s condition, supports the identification of priority health issues, and helps to support the subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing mood prior to cognitive testing, systematically inquiring about falls, and recognizing opportunities for diagnosis and intervention within the primary health care setting, especially in patients with sarcopenia and malnutrition. The adaptation of the CGA to the realities of primary care practice, alongside the use of targeted screening instruments, appears both achievable and beneficial. This approach supports the early identification of major geriatric syndromes and contributes to improving health outcomes and quality of life among older adults, even within the limitations of constrained clinical time and resources.
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