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ABSTRACT
Expert group statement on the use of special medical nutrition in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), such as infant regurgitation, infant colic or functional constipation, are among the most common reasons for consultations with pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists. According to available data, more than half of infants are affected. Current diagnostic criteria for FGIDs are based on the Rome IV criteria. The occurrence of FGIDs in infancy may be related to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and the varying time patterns of functional gastrointestinal maturation. FGIDs are usually temporary and seem to have no long-term consequences; however, recent studies have shown that the presence of FGIDs in infancy may increase the risk of functional disorders in later life.
FGIDs are associated with considerable anxiety and stress on the part of the parents, often reducing the quality of life of the entire family. The most recommended, effective and safe method of management of FGIDs is nutritional intervention, as opposed to often invasive diagnostic procedures and pharmacotherapy, whose effectiveness is sometimes not well documented and which are not neutral to the child’s health. Dietary modifications used in food for special medical purposes (FSMP) for infants with FGIDs include the addition of probiotics and/or oligosaccharides, hydrolysis of cow's milk protein, or reduction of lactose content, addition of beta-palmitate or thickeners. It is advisable and recommended that FGIDs should be introduced before drug treatment, but always under medical supervision. This article presents current nutritional recommendations for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants.
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