ABSTRACT
Vertigo – causes and treatment
Dizziness is one of the most common complaints in medical practice. Dizziness represents a very heterogeneous group of interdisciplinary symptoms. It is classified into either central (presyncope, lightheadedness, disequilibrium) or peripheral (vertigo) disorders.
In clinical practice, lightheadedness is most common. It occurs as a series of non-specific symptoms, such as feeling dazed or disoriented, usually without co-existing significant posture and gait disturbances.
Vertigo (true vertigo) is less common but very important clinically. Vertigo is associated with an illusion of movement of the environment (or movement of the patient relative to the environment), typically of a whirling nature.
The most common disorders that may lead to dizziness or vertigo are presbyastasis (disequilibrium of ageing), psychogenic dizziness, migraine-like headache dizziness, vascular dizziness, Méniére's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and neuronitis vestibularis.
The basic treatment of dizziness of peripheral origin in its acute phase is pharmacotherapy, which aims to eliminate the illusion of movement and reduce the neurovegetative and psychogenic symptoms (nausea, vomiting, anxiety), which may have very unpleasant consequences for the patient.
Kinesitherapy is based on habituation of the central nervous system, which serves to gradually inhibit pathological responses caused by certain movements.
KEYWORDS: dizziness, vertigo, causes, treatment.
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